### https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/udpipe/vignettes/udpipe-usecase-postagging-lemmatisation.html
library(udpipe)
ud_model <- udpipe_download_model(language = "english")library(tidyverse)
library(tidyr)
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(ggrepel)
library(knitr)
library(tm)
library(quanteda)
library(lattice)
library(latticeExtra)
library(plotly)
library(pdp)
library(patchwork)
library(lubridate)
### CODE DIRECTLY FROM: https://burtmonroe.github.io/TextAsDataCourse/Tutorials/TADA-FightinWords.nb.html#
fwgroups <- function(dtm, groups, pair = NULL, weights = rep(1,nrow(dtm)), k.prior = .1) {
weights[is.na(weights)] <- 0
weights <- weights/mean(weights)
zero.doc <- rowSums(dtm)==0 | weights==0
zero.term <- colSums(dtm[!zero.doc,])==0
dtm.nz <- apply(dtm[!zero.doc,!zero.term],2,"*", weights[!zero.doc])
g.prior <- tcrossprod(rowSums(dtm.nz),colSums(dtm.nz))/sum(dtm.nz)
#
g.posterior <- as.matrix(dtm.nz + k.prior*g.prior)
groups <- groups[!zero.doc]
groups <- droplevels(groups)
g.adtm <- as.matrix(aggregate(x=g.posterior,by=list(groups=groups),FUN=sum)[,-1])
rownames(g.adtm) <- levels(groups)
g.ladtm <- log(g.adtm)
g.delta <- t(scale( t(scale(g.ladtm, center=T, scale=F)), center=T, scale=F))
g.adtm_w <- -sweep(g.adtm,1,rowSums(g.adtm)) # terms not w spoken by k
g.adtm_k <- -sweep(g.adtm,2,colSums(g.adtm)) # w spoken by groups other than k
g.adtm_kw <- sum(g.adtm) - g.adtm_w - g.adtm_k - g.adtm # total terms not w or k
g.se <- sqrt(1/g.adtm + 1/g.adtm_w + 1/g.adtm_k + 1/g.adtm_kw)
g.zeta <- g.delta/g.se
g.counts <- as.matrix(aggregate(x=dtm.nz, by = list(groups=groups), FUN=sum)[,-1])
if (!is.null(pair)) {
pr.delta <- t(scale( t(scale(g.ladtm[pair,], center = T, scale =F)), center=T, scale=F))
pr.adtm_w <- -sweep(g.adtm[pair,],1,rowSums(g.adtm[pair,]))
pr.adtm_k <- -sweep(g.adtm[pair,],2,colSums(g.adtm[pair,])) # w spoken by groups other than k
pr.adtm_kw <- sum(g.adtm[pair,]) - pr.adtm_w - pr.adtm_k - g.adtm[pair,] # total terms not w or k
pr.se <- sqrt(1/g.adtm[pair,] + 1/pr.adtm_w + 1/pr.adtm_k + 1/pr.adtm_kw)
pr.zeta <- pr.delta/pr.se
return(list(zeta=pr.zeta[1,], delta=pr.delta[1,],se=pr.se[1,], counts = colSums(dtm.nz), acounts = colSums(g.adtm)))
} else {
return(list(zeta=g.zeta,delta=g.delta,se=g.se,counts=g.counts,acounts=g.adtm))
}
}
############## FIGHTIN' WORDS PLOTTING FUNCTION
# helper function
makeTransparent<-function(someColor, alpha=100)
{
newColor<-col2rgb(someColor)
apply(newColor, 2, function(curcoldata){rgb(red=curcoldata[1], green=curcoldata[2],
blue=curcoldata[3],alpha=alpha, maxColorValue=255)})
}
fw.ggplot.groups <- function(fw.ch, groups.use = as.factor(rownames(fw.ch$zeta)), max.words = 50, max.countrank = 400, colorpalette=rep("black",length(groups.use)), sizescale=2, title="Comparison of Terms by Groups", subtitle = "", caption = "Group-specific terms are ordered by Fightin' Words statistic (Monroe, et al. 2008)") {
if (is.null(dim(fw.ch$zeta))) {## two-group fw object consists of vectors, not matrices
zetarankmat <- cbind(rank(-fw.ch$zeta),rank(fw.ch$zeta))
colnames(zetarankmat) <- groups.use
countrank <- rank(-(fw.ch$counts))
} else {
zetarankmat <- apply(-fw.ch$zeta[groups.use,],1,rank)
countrank <- rank(-colSums(fw.ch$counts))
}
wideplotmat <- as_tibble(cbind(zetarankmat,countrank=countrank))
wideplotmat$term=names(countrank)
rankplot <- gather(wideplotmat, groups.use, zetarank, 1:ncol(zetarankmat))
rankplot$plotsize <- sizescale*(50/(rankplot$zetarank))^(1/4)
rankplot <- rankplot[rankplot$zetarank < max.words + 1 & rankplot$countrank<max.countrank+1,]
rankplot$groups.use <- factor(rankplot$groups.use,levels=groups.use)
p <- ggplot(rankplot, aes((nrow(rankplot)-countrank)^1, -(zetarank^1), colour=groups.use)) +
geom_point(show.legend=F,size=sizescale/2) +
theme_classic() +
theme(axis.ticks=element_blank(), axis.text=element_blank() ) +
ylim(-max.words,40) +
facet_grid(groups.use ~ .) +
geom_text_repel(aes(label = term), size = rankplot$plotsize, point.padding=.05,
box.padding = unit(0.20, "lines"), show.legend=F) +
scale_colour_manual(values = alpha(colorpalette, .7)) +
labs(x=paste("Terms used more frequently overall -->"), y=paste("Terms used more frequently by group -->"), title=title, subtitle=subtitle , caption = caption)
}
fw.keys <- function(fw.ch,n.keys=10) {
n.groups <- nrow(fw.ch$zeta)
keys <- matrix("",n.keys,n.groups)
colnames(keys) <- rownames(fw.ch$zeta)
for (g in 1:n.groups) {
keys[,g] <- names(sort(fw.ch$zeta[g,],dec=T)[1:n.keys])
}
keys
}Load and clean the data
######################################
### Text Cleaning Function
text_cleaner<-function(corpus){
tempcorpus<-Corpus(VectorSource(corpus))
tempcorpus<-tm_map(tempcorpus,
removePunctuation)
tempcorpus<-tm_map(tempcorpus,
stripWhitespace)
tempcorpus<-tm_map(tempcorpus,
removeNumbers)
tempcorpus<-tm_map(tempcorpus,
removeWords, stopwords("english"))
tempcorpus<-tm_map(tempcorpus,
stemDocument)
return(tempcorpus)
}
######################################Calculate FW.
[1] 0.9900516
##################################################################
fw.extrem <- fwgroups(extrem_dtm, groups=extrem_NYT.dfm.long$Context)Error: vector memory exhausted (limit reached?)
Get and show the top words per group by zeta.
##################################################################
fwkeys.extrem <- fw.keys(fw.extrem, n.keys=20)
cols <- rev(colnames(fwkeys.extrem))
fwkeys.extrem <- fwkeys.extrem[,cols]
##################################################################
kable(fwkeys.extrem)| Context.before | Context.after |
|---|---|
| muslim | group |
| jewish | organ |
| rightw | movement |
| islamic | respons |
| member | element |
| rrb | hutu |
| suspect | network |
| belong | ideolog |
| ban | militia |
| lrb | oppos |
| alqaidalink | view |
| small | activ |
| rabin | bomb |
| sunni | sayyaf |
| assassin | threaten |
| ap | parti |
| alleg | abu |
| outlaw | attack |
| yitzhak | alqaida |
| help | govern |
##################################################################Plot: Comparing Words Before (in Blue), and After (in Red)
p.fw.extrem <- fw.ggplot.groups(fw.extrem,sizescale=4,max.words=200,
max.countrank=400,colorpalette=c("red","blue"),
title = 'Comparison of Terms Before and After "Extremist"')
p.fw.extrem##################################################################
ud_model <- udpipe_load_model(ud_model$file_model)
txt <-as.character(extrem_NYT.dfm.long$context.text)
x_udp <- udpipe_annotate(ud_model, x = txt, doc_id = seq_along(txt))
x <- as.data.frame(x_udp)
x$doc_id <-as.integer(x$doc_id)
####################################################################################################################################
x_odd.before <- x[x$doc_id %% 2 == 1,]
x_even.after <-x[x$doc_id %% 2 == 0, ]
##################################################################
Corrs(x_odd.before)Corrs(x_even.after)NAlibrary(tweenr)
TransitionTime2 <- ggproto(
"TransitionTime2",
TransitionTime,
expand_panel = function (self, data, type, id, match, ease, enter, exit, params,
layer_index) {
row_time <- self$get_row_vars(data)
if (is.null(row_time))
return(data)
data$group <- paste0(row_time$before, row_time$after)
time <- as.integer(row_time$time)
states <- split(data, time)
times <- as.integer(names(states))
nframes <- diff(times)
nframes[1] <- nframes[1] + 1
if (times[1] <= 1) {
all_frames <- states[[1]]
states <- states[-1]
}
else {
all_frames <- data[0, , drop = FALSE]
nframes <- c(times[1] - 1, nframes)
}
if (times[length(times)] < params$nframes) {
states <- c(states, list(data[0, , drop = FALSE]))
nframes <- c(nframes, params$nframes - times[length(times)])
}
for (i in seq_along(states)) {
all_frames <- switch(type, point = tween_state(all_frames,
states[[i]], ease, nframes[i],
!!id, enter, exit),
path = transform_path(all_frames,
states[[i]], ease, nframes[i],
!!id, enter, exit, match),
polygon = transform_polygon(all_frames,
states[[i]], ease, nframes[i],
!!id, enter, exit, match),
sf = transform_sf(all_frames,
states[[i]], ease, nframes[i],
!!id, enter, exit),
stop(type,
" layers not currently supported by transition_time",
call. = FALSE))
}
true_frame <- seq(times[1], times[length(times)])
all_frames <- all_frames[
all_frames$.frame %in%
# which(true_frame > 0 & true_frame <= params$nframes),
true_frame[which(true_frame > 0 & true_frame <= params$nframes)], # tweak line A
,
drop = FALSE]
# all_frames$.frame <- all_frames$.frame - min(all_frames$.frame) + 1 # remove line B
all_frames$group <- paste0(all_frames$group, "<", all_frames$.frame, ">")
all_frames$.frame <- NULL
all_frames
})
transition_time2 <- function (time, range = NULL) {
time_quo <- enquo(time)
gganimate:::require_quo(time_quo, "time")
ggproto(NULL, TransitionTime2,
params = list(time_quo = time_quo, range = range))
}
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Encoding to gif... done!
<ggproto object: Class EaseAes, gg>
aes_names:
aesthetics:
default: linear
get_ease: function
super: <ggproto object: Class EaseAes, gg>